Checkout our new AI courses: https://app.hextree.io/map/artificial-intelligence (ad) An OpenAI agent reportedly escaped its sandbox, found multiple zero-days, and hacked Hugging Face... all to cheat on a cybersecurity benchmark? The story sounded almost too crazy to be true....
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An OpenAI agent reportedly escaped its sandbox, found multiple zero-days, and hacked Hugging Face... all to cheat on a cybersecurity benchmark?
The story sounded almost too crazy to be true. Mohan (S1r1u5) investigated and reconstructed the likely attack chain, examined the patches, and reproduced vulnerabilities that match the public disclosures.
Was this really a rogue AI, clever marketing, or "just" an agent that lost track of its task and caused real-world damage?
https://x.com/S1r1u5_
https://www.hacktron.ai/blog/here-is-how-openai-model-hacked-huggingface
Relevant links:
- https://huggingface.co/blog/security-incident-july-2026
- https://openai.com/index/hugging-face-model-evaluation-security-incident/
- https://github.com/sunblaze-ucb/exploitgym
- https://docs.jfrog.com/releases/docs/artifactory-self-managed-releases
- https://github.com/huggingface/dataset-viewer/pull/3367
00:00 - Intro
02:04 - ExploitGym
05:08 - JFrog's Artifactory
09:06 - Hugging Face
13:41 - Conclusion
17:01 - Outro
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Learn hacking (ad): https://www.hextree.io What does it take to fix a vulnerability in Firefox and release an Update? part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQEq5s4SRxY part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXW_1hepfT4 part 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NT1VCmJF3mU...
Learn hacking (ad): https://www.hextree.io
What does it take to fix a vulnerability in Firefox and release an Update?
part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQEq5s4SRxY
part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXW_1hepfT4
part 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NT1VCmJF3mU
part 4: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4CUAuwoZVk
(Spoilers) Firefox Security Response to pwn2own 2025: https://blog.mozilla.org/security/2025/05/17/firefox-security-response-to-pwn2own-2025/
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Learn hacking (ad): https://www.hextree.io We talk to Manfred Paul and learn about his research process. We also dive into the technical details about his JIT bug and learn about the optimization he exploited. part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQEq5s4SRxY part 2:...
Learn hacking (ad): https://www.hextree.io
We talk to Manfred Paul and learn about his research process. We also dive into the technical details about his JIT bug and learn about the optimization he exploited.
part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQEq5s4SRxY
part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXW_1hepfT4
part 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NT1VCmJF3mU
part 4: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4CUAuwoZVk
(Spoilers) Firefox Security Response to pwn2own 2025: https://blog.mozilla.org/security/2025/05/17/firefox-security-response-to-pwn2own-2025/
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Learn hacking (ad): https://www.hextree.io What happens in the Pwn2Own disclosure room? Let's find out in part 2 of my short documentary about how Mozilla fixes 0days. part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQEq5s4SRxY part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXW_1hepfT4 part...
Learn hacking (ad): https://www.hextree.io
What happens in the Pwn2Own disclosure room? Let's find out in part 2 of my short documentary about how Mozilla fixes 0days.
part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQEq5s4SRxY
part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXW_1hepfT4
part 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NT1VCmJF3mU
part 4: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4CUAuwoZVk
(Spoilers) Firefox Security Response to pwn2own 2025: https://blog.mozilla.org/security/2025/05/17/firefox-security-response-to-pwn2own-2025/
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Learn hacking (ad): https://www.hextree.io Pwn2Own 2025 was happening in Berlin and I got the opportunity to follow Mozilla into the disclosure room and document how Mozilla fixes critical vulnerabilities. part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQEq5s4SRxY part 2:...
Learn hacking (ad): https://www.hextree.io
Pwn2Own 2025 was happening in Berlin and I got the opportunity to follow Mozilla into the disclosure room and document how Mozilla fixes critical vulnerabilities.
part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQEq5s4SRxY
part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXW_1hepfT4
part 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NT1VCmJF3mU
part 4: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4CUAuwoZVk
(Spoilers) Firefox Security Response to pwn2own 2025: https://blog.mozilla.org/security/2025/05/17/firefox-security-response-to-pwn2own-2025/
Sorry for the long delay of this video... Permiere Pro hated me in this project and 2025 was a shit year.
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I met Jonathan in 2018 at the CCC when he was just 18 years old. Back then he referenced my videos which had a little bit of impact on his life. Now a lot of time has passed and in this interview I want to get to know Jonathan better. How did he get into hacking, founding of...
I met Jonathan in 2018 at the CCC when he was just 18 years old. Back then he referenced my videos which had a little bit of impact on his life. Now a lot of time has passed and in this interview I want to get to know Jonathan better. How did he get into hacking, founding of the CTF team perfect blue, working as a vulnerability researcher and ultimately transitioning into a new career.
From Zero to Zero Day (2018): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xp1YDOtWohw
Jonathan on Twitter: https://x.com/j0nathanj
00:00:00 - How we met
00:02:16 - Jonathan's early life
00:04:24 - Going to college as a teenager
00:18:52 - Meeting like-minded people in CTF
00:27:29 - Getting first VR internship at Checkpoint
00:32:34 - Creating opportunities through networking
00:43:40 - Working at Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC)
00:51:23 - Mandatory military service
00:58:33 - Moving from hacking to building teams
01:08:26 - Joining a startup
01:17:56 - From Computers to Humans
01:23:20 - Summary
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An amazing event for aspiring German hackers is happening right now. I went to the finals in 2024, share a few impressions and tell you about this year's event. Learn hacking: https://www.hextree.io/ (ad) CSCG 2025 runs from 1. March 2025 until 1. May 2025 Rules:...
An amazing event for aspiring German hackers is happening right now. I went to the finals in 2024, share a few impressions and tell you about this year's event.
Learn hacking: https://www.hextree.io/ (ad)
CSCG 2025 runs from 1. March 2025 until 1. May 2025
Rules: https://play.cscg.live/rules
Die Hacking Meisterschaft: https://hacking-meisterschaft.de/
NFITS: https://nfits.de/spenden/
European Cybersecurity Challenge: https://ecsc.eu/
00:00 - Intro DHM 2024
00:52 - CTF Teams vs. CSCG Teams
01:48 - Sponsor Challenges
03:04 - My CSCG History
04:18 - NFITS
05:06 - Die Deutsche Hacking Meisterschaft (DHM)
07:00 - Take the Opportunity!
07:47 - Outro
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When auditing code it's crucial to know about common issues. In this video we explore a Go issue that I was not aware of. Learn hacking on https://www.hextree.io/ (ad) 38c3 CTF - Fajny Jagazyn Wartości Kluczy:...
When auditing code it's crucial to know about common issues. In this video we explore a Go issue that I was not aware of.
Learn hacking on https://www.hextree.io/ (ad)
38c3 CTF - Fajny Jagazyn Wartości Kluczy:
https://2024.ctf.link/internal/challenge/fb03748d-7e94-4ca2-8998-a5e0ffcbd761/
Unintended solution: https://msanft.foo/blog/hxp-38c3-web-fajny-jagazyn/
Challenge author writeup: https://hxp.io/blog/114/hxp-38C3-CTF-Fajny-Jagazyn-Wartoci-Kluczy/
VSCode Go debugger client code: https://github.com/golang/vscode-go/blob/39786ea90f18ab98f75d091b9a04367d1b1df82c/extension/src/debugAdapter/goDebug.ts#L1557
00:00 - Intro
00:20 - Go gjson vs json behavior
01:33 - Overview CTF challenge "Fajny Jagazyn Wartości Kluczy"
04:33 - Weird server setup?
05:55 - Arbitrary file read
07:00 - /proc filesystem trick
08:01 - Unintended solution
09:14 - What was the intended solution?
12:58 - Exploiting Go race condition
13:58 - Outro
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"There are not that many people that do Android research [...] There is no lack of targets. If people would actually look, there is lots to it. The scope is huge." - This is a conversation with Kristoffer Blasiak about Google's Mobile Vulnerability Rewards Program (VRP)....
"There are not that many people that do Android research [...] There is no lack of targets. If people would actually look, there is lots to it. The scope is huge." - This is a conversation with Kristoffer Blasiak about Google's Mobile Vulnerability Rewards Program (VRP).
Learn Android Hacking (ad): https://hextree.io/hextree-x-google
Mobile VRP: https://bughunters.google.com/about/rules/android-friends/6618732618186752/google-mobile-vulnerability-reward-program-rules
00:00 - Introducing Kristoffer and Mobile VRP
01:38 - What happens when you submit a bug
05:07 - Android app bug bounty opportunities
08:38 - "There is no lack of targets"
13:06 - The side-loading threat model
17:00 - Bugs in Android app vs. web app
23:30 - Hextree sponsored by Google
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Want to learn more about hacking? Checkout our courses on https://www.hextree.io (ad) I have spent many hours looking at the webp vulnerability used in the 0day attack against iPhones. In the past videos we have seen why fuzzers have a hard time finding the issue, so I wanted...
Want to learn more about hacking? Checkout our courses on https://www.hextree.io (ad)
I have spent many hours looking at the webp vulnerability used in the 0day attack against iPhones. In the past videos we have seen why fuzzers have a hard time finding the issue, so I wanted to understand how this was discovered. And I think I have a good theory!
Part 1: Huffman Tables https://youtu.be/lAyhKaclsPM
Part 2: Fuzzing libwebp https://youtu.be/PJLWlmp8CDM
Sources:
https://citizenlab.ca/2023/09/blastpass-nso-group-iphone-zero-click-zero-day-exploit-captured-in-the-wild/
https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2019/08/the-fully-remote-attack-surface-of.html
https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2020/01/remote-iphone-exploitation-part-1.html
https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/01/a-look-at-imessage-in-ios-14.html
https://github.com/seemoo-lab/frida-scripts/blob/main/scripts/libdispatch.js
https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/12/a-deep-dive-into-nso-zero-click.html
https://citizenlab.ca/2023/04/nso-groups-pegasus-spyware-returns-in-2022/
https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/12/a-deep-dive-into-nso-zero-click.html
https://github.com/libjxl/libjxl/blob/4b9dbde293f7f282b6952a02340300abfca2b184/lib/jxl/huffman_table.cc#L51
https://github.com/webmproject/libwebp/blob/7861947813b7ea02198f5d0b46afa5d987b797ae/src/dec/vp8l_dec.c#L86C3-L86C76
https://github.com/Tencent/mars/blob/9ab46e19ed3d4fcafe9d0de4b36547321f5ead83/mars/comm/windows/zlib/inftrees.h#L41
https://github.com/google/brunsli/blob/master/c/enc/jpeg_huffman_decode.h#L20
00:00 - Intro
01:18 - The iPhone Remote Attack Surface
02:49 - Targeting iMessage
04:04 - Dangerous Parsing / BlastDoor
06:53 - Image I/O and libwebp
08:11 - A Pattern of Image Vulnerabilities
09:28 - Huffman Tables are Everywhere!
10:50 - My Theory: known issue with enough.c
13:50 - Outro
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Want to learn more about hacking? Checkout our courses on https://www.hextree.io (ad) I have spent many hours looking at the webp vulnerability used in the 0day attack against iPhones. In the past videos we have seen why fuzzers have a hard time finding the issue, so I wanted...
Want to learn more about hacking? Checkout our courses on https://www.hextree.io (ad)
I have spent many hours looking at the webp vulnerability used in the 0day attack against iPhones. In the past videos we have seen why fuzzers have a hard time finding the issue, so I wanted to understand how this was discovered. And I think I have a good theory!
Part 1: Huffman Tables https://youtu.be/lAyhKaclsPM
Part 2: Fuzzing libwebp https://youtu.be/PJLWlmp8CDM
Sources:
https://citizenlab.ca/2023/09/blastpass-nso-group-iphone-zero-click-zero-day-exploit-captured-in-the-wild/
https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2019/08/the-fully-remote-attack-surface-of.html
https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2020/01/remote-iphone-exploitation-part-1.html
https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/01/a-look-at-imessage-in-ios-14.html
https://github.com/seemoo-lab/frida-scripts/blob/main/scripts/libdispatch.js
https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/12/a-deep-dive-into-nso-zero-click.html
https://citizenlab.ca/2023/04/nso-groups-pegasus-spyware-returns-in-2022/
https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/12/a-deep-dive-into-nso-zero-click.html
https://github.com/libjxl/libjxl/blob/4b9dbde293f7f282b6952a02340300abfca2b184/lib/jxl/huffman_table.cc#L51
https://github.com/webmproject/libwebp/blob/7861947813b7ea02198f5d0b46afa5d987b797ae/src/dec/vp8l_dec.c#L86C3-L86C76
https://github.com/Tencent/mars/blob/9ab46e19ed3d4fcafe9d0de4b36547321f5ead83/mars/comm/windows/zlib/inftrees.h#L41
https://github.com/google/brunsli/blob/master/c/enc/jpeg_huffman_decode.h#L20
00:00 - Intro
01:18 - The iPhone Remote Attack Surface
02:49 - Targeting iMessage
04:04 - Dangerous Parsing / BlastDoor
06:53 - Image I/O and libwebp
08:11 - A Pattern of Image Vulnerabilities
09:28 - Huffman Tables are Everywhere!
10:50 - My Theory: known issue with enough.c
13:50 - Outro
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During DEF CON and Black Hat, Google invited me to give a talk about Android hacking to students as part of init.g at the University Nevada, Las Vegas. In this talk I share my "trick" how to get into Android hacking and reverse engineering, which can also be adapted to any...
During DEF CON and Black Hat, Google invited me to give a talk about Android hacking to students as part of init.g at the University Nevada, Las Vegas. In this talk I share my "trick" how to get into Android hacking and reverse engineering, which can also be adapted to any other topic.
Learn android hacking (ad): https://app.hextree.io/map/android
Watch my Vegas Vlog: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhQ6FF3fCdA
Article about the init.g event: https://www.unlv.edu/announcement/academics/google-sponsors-initgvegas-student-event-unlv-during-defcon
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My second time in Las Vegas for DEF CON and Black Hat. Lots has changed since I have been here 6 years ago. This trip was quite emotional for me and I am so grateful for the experience. Hope to meet you all again. Learn hacking (ad): https://app.hextree.io/ Buy our Faultier...
My second time in Las Vegas for DEF CON and Black Hat. Lots has changed since I have been here 6 years ago. This trip was quite emotional for me and I am so grateful for the experience. Hope to meet you all again.
Learn hacking (ad): https://app.hextree.io/
Buy our Faultier (US): https://1bitsquared.com/collections/embedded-hardware/products/faultier
Google x Hextree Android Courses: https://www.hextree.io/hextree-x-google
Raspberry Pi Hacking Challenge: https://www.hextree.io/rp2350
Embedded System Village: https://embeddedvillage.org/
My previous DEF CON 26 (6 years ago) Vlog:
- https://youtu.be/B8saYocsI-U
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXgp4cDbiq4
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A guide on how to do fuzzing with AFL++ in an attempt to rediscover the libwebp vulnerability CVE-2023-4863 that was used to hack iPhones. Want to learn hacking? Signup to https://hextree.io (ad) Buy my shitty font: https://shop.liveoverflow.com/ (ad) Watch webp Part 1:...
A guide on how to do fuzzing with AFL++ in an attempt to rediscover the libwebp vulnerability CVE-2023-4863 that was used to hack iPhones.
Want to learn hacking? Signup to https://hextree.io (ad)
Buy my shitty font: https://shop.liveoverflow.com/ (ad)
Watch webp Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lAyhKaclsPM
Sudo Vulnerability Series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhixgUqwRTjy0gMuT4C3bmjeZjuNQyqdx
Docker Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-YnMr1lj4Z8
OSS-Fuzz: https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz
OSS-Fuzz libwebp coverage: https://storage.googleapis.com/oss-fuzz-coverage/libwebp/reports/20230901/linux/src/libwebp/src/utils/report.html
AFLplusplus: https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus/blob/stable/docs/fuzzing_in_depth.md
vanhauser's blog: https://www.srlabs.de/blog-post/advanced-fuzzing-unmasks-elusive-vulnerabilities
vanhauser/thc on twitter: https://twitter.com/hackerschoice
AFLpluslus Persistent Mode: https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus/blob/0c054f520eda67b7bb15f95ca58c028e9b68131f/instrumentation/README.persistent_mode.md
Grab the code: https://github.com/LiveOverflow/webp-CVE-2023-4863
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Chapters:
00:00 - Intro
00:36 - How to Learn About Fuzzing?
02:36 - Setting Up Fuzzing With AFL++
04:53 - My Docker Workflow for Fuzzing
06:35 - AFL++ Different Coverage Strategies
09:50 - Start the libwebp Fuzzing Campaign
11:58 - Adjusting the Fuzzer
13:45 - Why Don't We Find a Crash?
15:49 - Fuzzing with AFL++ Persistent Mode
19:47 - Persistent Mode Fuzzing Results
20:46 - Finding the Vulnerability in 8s
Citizenlab discovered BLASTPASS, a 0day being actively exploited in the image format WebP. Known as CVE-2023-4863 and CVE-2023-41064, an issue in webp's build huffman table function can lead to a heap buffer overflow. This vulnerability is very interesting and I'm excited to...
Citizenlab discovered BLASTPASS, a 0day being actively exploited in the image format WebP. Known as CVE-2023-4863 and CVE-2023-41064, an issue in webp's build huffman table function can lead to a heap buffer overflow. This vulnerability is very interesting and I'm excited to share with you what I learned.
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WebP Fix Commit: https://chromium.googlesource.com/webm/libwebp/+/902bc9190331343b2017211debcec8d2ab87e17a
Citizenlab: https://citizenlab.ca/2023/09/blastpass-nso-group-iphone-zero-click-zero-day-exploit-captured-in-the-wild/
Ben Hawkes: https://blog.isosceles.com/the-webp-0day/
Software Updates
Apple https://support.apple.com/en-gb/106361
Chrome https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2023/09/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_11.html
Firefox https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2023-40/
Android https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2023-40/
Whose CVE is it Anyway? https://adamcaudill.com/2023/09/14/whose-cve-is-it-anyway/
References:
2014 bug introduction https://github.com/webmproject/libwebp/commit/f75dfbf23d1df1be52350b1a6fc5cfa6c2194499
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JsTptu56GM8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3y0RsVCyrw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFUYNoFRHQI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iEm1NRyEe5c
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13804629/huffman-code-with-lookup-table
https://web.archive.org/web/20230204211844/https://commandlinefanatic.com/cgi-bin/showarticle.cgi?article=art007
enough.c https://github.com/madler/zlib/blob/develop/examples/enough.c
Thanks to:
https://twitter.com/mistymntncop
https://twitter.com/benhawkes
Chapters:
00:00 - Intro to CVE-2023-4863
01:32 - Most Valuable Vulnerability?
03:02 - Heap Overflow Related to Huffman Trees
03:58 - Learning about Huffman Codes
06:24 - What are Huffman Tables?
10:24 - Hardcoded Table Sizes (enough.c)
12:21 - Code Walkthrough - BuildHuffmanTable()
13:04 - The code_lengths[] and count[] Arrays
15:14 - Difference Between Compression and Decompression!
17:04 - Outro
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Follow me down the rabbit hole into the wonderful world of IT security. Buy my terrible font (ad): https://shop.liveoverflow.com Learn hacking (ad): https://hextree.io Related Videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=866olNIzbrk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKzsNp4AveY...